Endometriosis: Key Symptoms and How to Seek Care

Endometriosis is a common yet often underdiagnosed condition that affects around 10% of reproductive-age women and girls globally, as reported by the WHO. But what are the signs of endometriosis, and how can you recognise them early?  Read on to learn about the key symptoms of endometriosis and the treatment options available.

What Is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where tissue identical to the uterine lining grows in areas outside the uterus, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic lining, and sometimes beyond. This misplaced tissue behaves like normal uterine tissue, and it thickens, breaks down, and bleeds with each menstrual cycle. However, because it has no way to exit the body, it causes inflammation, pain, and leads to complications such as scar tissue formation and fertility problems.

Signs and Symptoms of Endometriosis

The symptoms of endometriosis vary widely but commonly include:

• Chronic pelvic pain, especially during menstruation
• Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods
• Pain during or after intercourse
• Painful bowel movements or urination, notably during periods
• Fatigue, nausea, diarrhoea, or constipation
• Difficulty conceiving or infertility

These symptoms can range anywhere from mild discomfort to severe pain and may worsen over time if left untreated. Some women may experience only a few symptoms, while others face significant challenges in daily life.

How Endometriosis Is Diagnosed

Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging due to symptom overlap with other conditions. The diagnostic process usually includes:

• A detailed physical and pelvic exam by a healthcare professional
• Imaging procedures such as ultrasound and MRI to detect cysts or endometrial lesions
• The most definitive diagnosis is made via laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure that makes it possible for the doctors to view and biopsy endometrial tissue directly.

Early diagnosis is crucial as it helps in timely management and lowers the risk of complications like infertility.

Treatment Options for Endometriosis

Treatment for endometriosis is highly individualised and can include both non-surgical and surgical approaches:

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Pain management with NSAIDs like ibuprofen to control inflammation and pain
• Hormonal therapy, including birth control pills and progestins, to regulate or stop menstruation and prevent tissue growth
• Lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise, can help manage symptoms naturally

Surgical Treatments

• Laparoscopy to remove or kill endometrial tissue and adhesions.
• In severe cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be recommended, particularly for women who do not wish to conceive. To understand when a hysterectomy is the best option for pain relief and its benefits and risks, read our detailed blog: Hysterectomy for Endometriosis: Is It the Best Solution for Pain Relief?
• Often, a combination of treatments yields the best outcomes, balancing symptom relief and fertility preservation.

Impact of Endometriosis on Fertility

Endometriosis can cause fertility problems by creating scar tissue, blocking fallopian tubes, or causing hormonal imbalances that affect ovulation. Early intervention is important to preserve fertility. For some women, assisted reproductive technologies like IUI (intrauterine insemination) or IVF (in vitro fertilisation) may be necessary.

Managing and Reducing the Risk of Endometriosis

While the root cause of endometriosis is unclear and it cannot always be prevented, certain factors may increase the risk, such as family history and early menstruation. Here are some ways to potentially reduce risk or manage symptoms:

• Regular exercise helps maintain hormonal balance and reduces inflammation
• A healthy, anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids
• Hormonal birth control methods to regulate menstrual cycles and potentially reduce endometrial tissue growth
• Stress management through relaxation techniques or mindfulness to alleviate symptom severity
• Routine checkups for early detection and management

The Bottom Line

Recognising the signs of endometriosis early is essential for timely treatment and improving quality of life. Symptoms such as pelvic pain, heavy periods, and painful intercourse should not be ignored. A combination of medical and surgical treatments is available to manage this complex condition effectively. If you experience any symptoms, seek medical advice quickly to begin a personalised treatment.

Don’t Let Endometriosis Hold You Back

If you’re experiencing symptoms like pelvic pain or heavy periods, don’t wait to get help. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can make all the difference. Schedule a consultation at Krishna Medical Centre, and our team of specialists, led by Dr Chandravati, will help you start your journey toward effective symptom management and improved life.

Frequently Asked Questions